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【文/观察者网 熊超然】当地时间5月15日，据斯洛伐克多家媒体报道，斯洛伐克总理罗伯特·菲佐（Robert Fico）在中部城镇汉德洛瓦遭枪击，随后被送往医院。

二 |     Hunter Biden and his longtime business partner Eric Schwerin were actively working behind the scenes in 2016 to raise money for a prominent former Biden adviser's congressional campaign while also working on Chinese business deals with the adviser's business partner, Fox News Digital reported on Thursday.,Close connections build business, it seems. According to emails obtained by the outlet, Francis "Fran" Person, who worked in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2014 as a special assistant to President Barack Obama and an adviser to then-Vice President Joe Biden, left the White House in late July 2014 to serve in an advisory capacity at his alma mater, the University of South Carolina. Less than six months later, in January 2015, he reportedly became the president of the Harves Group.,Person still frequently corresponded via email with Hunter and Schwerin of the now-defunct Rosemont Seneca Partners about business dealings connected to the Harves Group in 2015 and 2016, per the report.,He also made numerous trips to the White House during that time, including joining Bo Zhang, the Chinese executive who founded the Harves Group and supposedly had connections to officials at some of the highest levels of the Communist Party of China, at a White House holiday reception in December 2015.,Hunter Biden-Linked Chinese Businessmen Met With Joe Biden at the White House While VP6 August, 03:25 GMT,More to that, Person declared on February 29, 2016, that he would run for the Democratic nomination to challenge Republican Rep. Mick Mulvaney of South Carolina.,Then, according to the outlet, one day after the announcement, Hunter introduced George Duko, a DuPont executive, to Zhang in an email, outlining a prospective commercial connection between DuPont and Harves. Person and Zhang's aunt were Bcc'd on the email.,"Their reputation is impeccable, and they have strong local, provincial, and national level government relationships - specifically in Shenzhen - which is essential in getting any major project done," Hunter wrote in that email, per the report.,On March 3, 2016, Schwerin allegedly introduced Person to Jeff Cooper, an associate of his and Hunter's in business. A later email from the individual thanked Schwerin for the introduction and stated that given his own "close relationship with VP Biden," there is "a very high anticipation" that he will be a "well funded candidate.",In October of that year, Cooper would reportedly give Person's campaign $2,700. Meanwhile, Hunter Biden reportedly met with Zhang, the chairman and CEO of Harves, on March 30 of that year.,Sputnik ExplainsHunter Biden Records: Does US Secret Service Have Something to Hide?24 July, 15:15 GMT,Next month, the partners, together with the director of communications of the National Basketball Players Association Tara Greco, discussed the possibility of building stadiums in China under the auspices of the NBA. The talk was allegedly about the province of Liaoning in northern China, where Zhang allegedly had close business and political ties.,To meet with Duko of DuPont, Hunter, Schwerin, and Zhang drove to Wilmington, Delaware, on May 4, 2016. Asked by the outlet whether he remembered Fran Person's name coming up during their discussion in Wilmington and whether Hunter, Schwerin, or Zhang had presented any additional business opportunities to DuPont in China, Duko replied: "I did meet with Hunter at their request, they wanted to discuss land we were in the process of selling at that time.,"The transaction was already under contract to be sold and I informed Hunter that we would be proceeding with the transaction as planned," he added. "We did not and have not discussed any other business dealings since that meeting. I do not recall the name Fran Person.",Meanwhile, Hunter allegedly sought help even from Brian Steel, a CNBC executive from 2007 to 2021. In his reply to Hunter's email asking him if he might contribute to Person's campaign in September 2016, Steel made an interesting revelation, per Fox News.,"I look forward to seeing you on Monday. I’d love to support Fran but unfortunately as the EVP of CNBC, I’m not allowed to donate to political campaigns," Steel wrote. "In year[s] past I would get around that by having my wife donate but after CNBC hosted a controversial/aggressive Republican primary debate earlier this year, Breibart [sic] and Rush Limbaugh outed me as the husband of a ‘max’ Hillary donor so I can’t even have Eileen donate anymore.",Sputnik ExplainsHow Bannon's Conviction Opens Door to GOP's Sweet Revenge on Hunter and Joe Biden23 July, 18:01 GMT,According to an earlier report, Hunter referred to Zhang as a "good friend and business colleague" in a letter to an alleged Chinese Communist Party official Henry Zhao, who was also the CEO of Harvest Fund Management.,Soon after, Hunter began to send invitations to his contacts to fundraisers in support of Person multiple times, sometimes writing, "Most of you know what Fran Person means to me and my family and we are excited to support him in his run for Congress," and at least three of them were allegedly addressed by his father, then the vice president of the United States.,At one of the events, according to the publication, Evan Ryan, the current White House cabinet secretary and the wife of secretary of state Antony Blinken, gave $8,100 to Person's campaign. Numerous family members of President Biden, including his wife Jill, sister Valerie, brother James, brother-in-law Jack, nieces Casey and Missy, and Hunter, contributed significantly to Person's campaign in 2016.,However, despite the Bidens' fundraising efforts, Person did not ultimately win. The Democrat candidate faced no opposition in the primary but lost to Mulvaney on November 8, 2016.,'They Should Come & Talk to Us': Hunter Biden Probe May Subpoena US Intel Chiefs, Says McCarthy7 August, 05:19 GMT。

三 | 报道称，菲佐腹部、胳膊和腿部明显受伤，曾一度传出“有生命危险”。当天晚些时候，斯洛伐克副总理塔拉巴透露，目前菲佐已脱离生命危险。

“四度出任总理”、“亲俄”、“反西方”、“对欧立场反复”、“反对援助乌克兰”、“欧尔班的老友”……自步入政坛以来，菲佐的身上贴满了这类形形色色的标签，而当地缘政治格局、移民危机、右翼势力崛起以及俄乌冲突等问题已然不断加剧之际，菲佐遇刺似乎让斯洛伐克这个国家乃至整个欧洲大陆变得更加混乱。

那么，菲佐到底是一个什么样的政治人物？他的政治立场和人格特性是怎样的？四度上台的他，在斯洛伐克国内政治中扮演何种形象？以及，这次遇刺事件是偶发事件还是其他各种因素催生的必然结果？

菲佐1964年9月15日出生于当时捷克斯洛伐克一个工人阶级家庭，后来成为了一名律师。1987年，他加入捷克斯洛伐克共产党，后来又加入了斯洛伐克共产党演变而来的民主左派党（SDL）。

上世纪90年代，在斯洛伐克于1993年1月1日成为独立主权国家后，菲佐曾在欧洲人权法院和欧洲人权委员会担任代表斯洛伐克共和国的政府代理人。1999年，他创立了斯洛伐克方向党（Smer，后更名为现在的社会民主—方向党），成为该党主席，此后一直是该党的关键人物。

菲佐及其领导的方向党，最常被描述为“左翼民粹主义者”，不过，他也经常被比作所谓“右翼政治家”，如同邻国匈牙利的领导人欧尔班。

四 |

2023年9月30日，斯洛伐克举行独立后的第九次国民议会选举，社会民主—方向党以22.94%的得票率获胜，获得议会150席中的42席，成为议会第一大党。随后，社会民主—方向党与偏左的声音—社会民主党、极右的斯洛伐克国民党组成执政联盟，执政联盟共有79席。

五 | 2023年10月25日，新一届政府正式成立，党主席菲佐出任总理。

值得一提的是，此次也是菲佐第四次担任斯洛伐克总理，他曾于2006年、2012年、2016年三度担任这一重要职位。

英国《卫报》介绍称，在国际社会当中，菲佐既钦佩俄罗斯总统普京，称如果普京来到斯洛伐克，不会允许他因所谓“国际通缉令”被捕；也钦佩匈牙利总理欧尔班，称“他捍卫了自己国家和人民的利益”。

与此同时，菲佐在政坛也犹如一位“战术家”，在30年的从政生涯中，针对国内选民，他成功地在主流的亲欧盟立场和强烈的民族主义、反西方言论之间自如游走。事实证明，他非常愿意根据民意或政治现实改变策略。

六 |

按照菲佐说法，“他心中只有斯洛伐克的利益”，因此在许多问题上直言不讳，猛烈抨击欧盟和国际非政府组织，反击其竞争对手。在移民、建立穆斯林社区、同性婚姻，以及疫情期间的口罩、封控和疫苗接种等问题上，他也持反对态度。

七 |

美联社则指出，菲佐领导的政党在去年的议会选举中，以“亲俄”和“反美”的纲领获胜，他誓言要停止向乌克兰提供军事援助，将在职权范围内“尽一切努力”促成俄乌和平谈判，同时指责以美国为首的北约挑起了这场俄乌冲突。

不过，《卫报》形容菲佐“战术游走自如”其实不无道理。值得注意的是，在菲佐第四度出任总理后，斯洛伐克议会今年1月通过了一项授权国防部批准武器出口的修正案，为国有和私营军火商继续向乌克兰出口武器铺平了道路。报道认为，这与菲佐去年选举前的立场大相径庭，犹如“对乌政策180度大掉头”。批评人士认为，菲佐政府背后的军火商们从俄乌冲突中获益颇丰，菲佐选前的姿态可能只是为了吸引选票。

然而，尽管如此，仍有批评人士担心，菲佐正在放弃斯洛伐克的亲西方路线，特别是担心他会跟随匈牙利总理欧尔班的政策方向。正因如此，自他再度上台执政以来，有数千人多次走上斯洛伐克街头，集会抗议其亲俄的外交政策和其他国内政策，包括修改刑法、取消特别反贪检察官和控制公共媒体的计划。

除此之外，菲佐誓言要奉行“主权”外交政策，承诺对移民和非政府组织采取强硬立场，并发起反对LGBTQ+群体权利的运动，加上他及其政党多年来有一些腐败指控和丑闻缠身，尽管他一再否认，但其批评者还是表达了担忧。

八 |

菲佐在有关新闻媒体的问题上，多次让他陷入争议。2018年，他就曾受到斯洛伐克调查记者库什克及其未婚妻被谋杀事件持续发酵的波及。此事件不但导致政坛震荡，文化部长、内务部长在两周内相继辞职，他此后也不得不宣布辞任总理，以平息局势。

库什克生前一直在调查和报道斯洛伐克政商勾结逃税和欺诈的行为，并将矛头直指执政党和总理菲佐。库什克生前的最后一篇报道文章指出，与意大利黑手党“光荣会”有关的一批意大利商人已在斯洛伐克东部定居多年，并大批盗用欧盟资金经营该地区。库什克称，总理首席国家顾问、前超模特罗斯科娃和国家安全委员会秘书杰森等都与这批商人有关。

今年4月，菲佐政府批准了一项废除公共广播公司的提案，并以一个新的机构取而代之。这项计划遭到了国内反对党的猛烈批评，反对派认为，这将使政府完全控制公共广播和电视。

值得注意的是，在如今菲佐遭遇的这起遇刺事件中，被捕的枪手已被确认是名叫尤拉伊·辛图拉（Juraj Cintula）的71岁男性，斯洛伐克内政部长透露，“初步信息清楚地表明，这是出于政治动机”。

欧洲新闻台（euronews）援引斯洛伐克当地电视台报道称，在辛图拉被捕后不久，有一段视频在斯洛伐克媒体间广泛传播。

九 | 视频中，疑似该名嫌犯表示，其本人不同意斯洛伐克政府的政策以及对于国家媒体的立场。

十 | “大众媒体已被清算。

十一 | RTVS（斯洛伐克广播公司）为什么会受到攻击？”

“菲佐总理是一个分裂国家的分裂政治家。”美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）分析认为，自他重新上台执政以来，斯洛伐克人对该国在世界上的方向和地位一直存在严重分歧。

十二 | “政客新闻网”欧洲版（politico.eu）也认为，菲佐遇刺案的根源在于斯洛伐克国内存在的激烈分歧。

报道称，在遇刺案发生后的新闻发布会上，斯洛伐克内政部长埃斯托克呼吁人们结束在社交媒体的暴力语言和攻击谩骂，这些已成为菲佐时代之下斯洛伐克政治的定义。“我想呼吁公众、记者和所有政客停止传播仇恨。”他担忧地警告说：“我们正处于内战的边缘。”

CNN也提到，在今年4月竞争激烈的总统大选中，菲佐巩固了对权力的控制，因为他的亲密盟友彼得·佩莱格里尼（Peter Pellegrini）当选，并预计将于6月就任。

十三 | 值得一提的是，2018年时，佩莱格里尼曾是菲佐的副手，在菲佐因记者遇害案而被迫辞去总理职位后，佩莱格里尼于当年3月22日成为总理。

十四 |

针对枪击事件，佩莱格里尼在社交平台上表示，“我对不同政治观点的仇恨可能导致的结果感到震惊。

十五 | 我们不必同意所有事情，但有很多方式可以民主和合法地表达我们的分歧。”

斯洛伐克现任总统、也是该国首位女性国家元首的苏珊娜·查普托娃（Zuzana Caputova）表示，“对针对菲佐的残忍袭击感到非常震惊”，并表示“最强烈的谴责”。查普托娃是斯洛伐克国内亲西方政治势力的代表，一直在俄乌冲突中持支持乌克兰的立场。不过，在去年6月收到死亡威胁后，她宣布不会竞选连任，任期将于今年年6月15日届满。

十六 |

欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩将该次袭击事件称为“卑鄙的攻击”，并表示强烈谴责。而与菲佐关系非同一般的匈牙利总理欧尔班也发文表示，“我对我的朋友，斯洛伐克总理菲佐遭受的令人发指的袭击深感震惊”。

十七 |